Comparing PESA and PISA Measures

The PESA and the PISA were calculated and compared between the two versions using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Because the previous study showed a significant positive association between the PISA and BMI, the correlation of the PISA of each version and BMI was assessed using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. Then, multiple regression analysis was used to assess the correlation of the PISA of each version and BMI after adjusting for age and sex. A sample size of more than 200 was considered sufficient, since multiple regression analysis with six explanatory variables was performed with 72 subjects in a similar previous study [17 (link)]. The statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 27.0 for Windows (SPSS Japan Inc., Tokyo, Japan) with a significance level of 5%.