Visual Function Assessment in Mice

The visual threshold was assessed by OKR recording using Optometry software and apparatus (Cerebral Mechanics Inc., Lethbridge, AB, Canada), as previously described [28 (link)]. Briefly, mice were surrounded by a virtual cylinder consisting of vertical lines rotating at varying frequencies, and their tracking behavior was assessed by an investigator blinded to mouse groups and treatment. Visual function is represented as the highest spatial frequency at which mice track a rotating cylinder consisting of 100% contrast grating. Because tracking is a temporal to nasal-specific reflex, counter-clockwise and clockwise rotations selectively test the right eye and the left eye, respectively.