A total of seven HIV+   (n   =   7) and four seronegative (n   =   4) post-mortem tissues were used in this study. All 4 of the seronegative tissues and 4 of the HIV+   tissues (formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded posterior basal ganglia tissues) were obtained from the National NeuroAIDS Tissue Consortium. All patient data were coded, and tissues were handled per NIH guidelines to protect patient identities. Details of tissue collection and processing can be obtained from the National NeuroAIDS Tissue Consortium website (https://nntc.org/query/tool). Three additional tissue samples containing the tail of the caudate nucleus were obtained from post-mortems performed in Kampala, Uganda from 2017 to 2018 on a cohort of Ugandans with known HIV. Written informed consent was obtained from next of kin under a protocol approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Mulago National Referral Hospital. The tissues were collected within a median post-mortem interval of 4.7 h, snap-frozen, shipped to the United States, and stored at −80oC until use. Two (2) of the 7 HIV+   tissues were obtained from female subjects. Additional case-specific information on all human tissues used in the current study is detailed in Table 1.