The thermotherapy was performed using the alternating magnetic field applicator MFH 300F with integrated thermometry unit (NanoActivator® F100; MagForce Nanotechnologies, Berlin, Germany). The strength of the alternating (100 kHz) magnetic field can be adjusted from 2 to 15 kA/m. The applicator is designed for universal usage in treating tumors anywhere in the body.
The magnetic fluid MFL AS1 (NanoTherm® AS1; MagForce Nanotechnologies), an aqueous dispersion of superparamagnetic nanoparticles with an iron concentration of 112 mg/ml, served as the energy transducer. The nanoparticles are formed as iron-oxide magnetite (Fe3O4) cores of approx. 12 nm diameter with an aminosilane coating, which acts to ensure that the nanoparticle deposits remain stable within the tumor tissue. The magnetite cores possess an intrinsic magnetic moment, which can be stimulated by the externally applied alternating magnetic field to create heat through relaxation processes. The high concentration of iron was necessary to generate sufficient heat within the tumor for effective thermotherapy, while simultaneously minimizing the volume of instilled fluid.
The magnetic fluid MFL AS1 (NanoTherm® AS1; MagForce Nanotechnologies), an aqueous dispersion of superparamagnetic nanoparticles with an iron concentration of 112 mg/ml, served as the energy transducer. The nanoparticles are formed as iron-oxide magnetite (Fe3O4) cores of approx. 12 nm diameter with an aminosilane coating, which acts to ensure that the nanoparticle deposits remain stable within the tumor tissue. The magnetite cores possess an intrinsic magnetic moment, which can be stimulated by the externally applied alternating magnetic field to create heat through relaxation processes. The high concentration of iron was necessary to generate sufficient heat within the tumor for effective thermotherapy, while simultaneously minimizing the volume of instilled fluid.
