Paraffin sectioning was performed at 4 μM. After dewaxing in xylene and rehydration in gradient ethanol, hematoxylin-eosin staining (HE staining) was conducted with an HE staining kit (Beyotime, China, Cat# C0105). Periodic acid-Schiff staining (PAS) was performed with a periodic acid-Schiff staining kit (Solarbio, China, Cat# G1281). Masson’s trichrome staining was performed with a kit from Nanjing Jiancheng Bio., China (Cat# D026). The above staining procedure were done according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Tubular injury score was semiquantitatively calculated based on PAS staining according to the percentage of cortical tubular necrosis with an assigned value: 0, none; 1, 10%; 2, 10% to 25%; 3, 25% to 75%; and 4, >75% [16 (link)]. Immunohistochemical staining (IHC) was performed with Biotin-Streptavidin HRP-based SPlink Detection Kits (ZSGB-Bio, China, Cat# SP-9002) and all procedures followed the manufacturer’s instructions. Antibodies used in IHC were mouse anti-α-SMA (1: 100, Boster, China, Cat# BM0002) and mouse anti-fibronectin (1: 100, DHSB, USA, Cat# P1H11). Images were taken with a light microscope (Nikon Eclipse 80i, Japan) at 200× magnification.