KOOS, a valid and reliable questionnaire that has been developed for use in practice and research to evaluate the short-term and long-term outcomes of knee injury such as osteoarthritis, was used to assess the effect of treatment on OA outcome. The questionnaire comprises 42 items in 5 subscales which include pain, other symptoms, function in daily living [3 (link)], function in sport and recreation (Sport/Rec), and knee-related quality of life (QOL) [65 (link)]. The participants completed the paper versions of the KOOS at the beginning and at the end of the study period. All items were scored on a scale of 0 to 4 and summed, where 0 indicates no difficulty and 4 indicates severe difficulty. The initial raw data from each subscale was converted to a scale from 0 to 100 (worst to best) [68 (link)].
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