Metabolite extracts (10 μl) were loaded onto a Luna-amino column (Phenomenex) using the UltiMate 3000 TPLRS LC device as previously described (Xiao et al., 2020 (link)). Subsequent analysis was performed using a Q-Exactive HF-X mass spectrometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific) as previously described (Xiao et al., 2020 (link)). Targeted processing of a subset of known metabolites was conducted using TraceFinder software version 4.1 (Thermo Fisher Scientific). Compound identities were confirmed using reference standards. In all cases, metabolite abundance was normalized using internal standards, and relative changes were assessed by comparison with metabolite extracted from the same sample type (i.e., plasma). Metabolomics data were analyzed and principal component analysis plots were generated using MetaboAnalyst 5.0 software.
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