Medium 254 and human melanocyte growth supplement were purchased from Cascade Biologics (Portland, OR). Dulbecco modified Eagle medium, penicillin‐streptomycin and 0.5% trypsin‐ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid were obtained from GIBCO Invitrogen (Auckland, NZ). The primary and secondary antibodies used in this study were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotech (Santa Cruz, CA), Cell Signaling Technology (Danver, MA), or BD Biosciences (San Jose, CA). Chemiluminescence detection kits were purchased from GE Healthcare (Piscataway, NJ). All other chemicals, including α‐MSH, were purchased from Sigma‐Aldrich (St Louis, MO).