Quantifying Cellular Stress and Viability

Hanks' balanced salt solution (HBSS; cat. no 88284), Earle's balanced salt solution (EBSS; cat. no 14175095), fetal bovine serum (FBS; cat. no 2662002), trypsin inhibitor (cat. no J60982), Infinity Calcium Arsenazo Liquid Stable Reagent (cat. no 265-250), 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H₂DCFDA; cat. no. D399), CyQUANT™ lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) Cytotoxicity Assay (cat. no. C20302), Invitrogen SOD colorimetric activity kit (cat. no. EIASODC) and ApoDETECT Annexin V-FITC kit (cat. no 331200) were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.; ICA [cat. no. I1286; purity ≥94% (high performance liquid chromatography)], 0.25% trypsin (cat. no. 9002-07-7), high glucose Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM; cat. no. D6429), poly-L-lysine (cat. no. 25988-63-0) and Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8; cat. no. 96992) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Merck KGaA); laminar flow hoods were purchased from Global Lab Supply; CO₂ incubator (NAPCO; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc) was obtained from ProVendum SA; flow cytometer (FACS LSR) was purchased from BD Biosciences; ELISA plate reader (VANTAstar) was obtained from BMG Labtech GmbH; FS5 spectrofluorometer was obtained from Edinburgh Instruments Ltd.