After approval by the ethics committee in our hospital, a retrospective review of 247 consecutive patients who were diagnosed with DLS between January 2019 and December 2021 was performed. All patients were recruited from outpatient spinal surgery clinics and scheduled to undergo spine surgery. 3D printing molds are used for preoperative planning and surgical simulation.
The inclusion requirements included: (1) L4 DLS; (2) Meyerding grade I or II; and (3) complete radiographic data, including whole-spine anteroposterior and lateral radiographs and lateral flexion and extension X-ray of the lumbar spine.
The exclusion criteria were as follows: (1) multilevel DLS; (2) isthmic spondylolisthesis; (3) history of prior lumbar trauma, tumor, infection, cauda equina syndrome, or revision surgery; and (4) surgery requiring more than two-level instrumentation and fusion.
Demographic data were collected using electronic medical record reviews, including age, gender, height, weight, and body mass index. Overall, 101 patients were ultimately enrolled in the present study.
The inclusion requirements included: (1) L4 DLS; (2) Meyerding grade I or II; and (3) complete radiographic data, including whole-spine anteroposterior and lateral radiographs and lateral flexion and extension X-ray of the lumbar spine.
The exclusion criteria were as follows: (1) multilevel DLS; (2) isthmic spondylolisthesis; (3) history of prior lumbar trauma, tumor, infection, cauda equina syndrome, or revision surgery; and (4) surgery requiring more than two-level instrumentation and fusion.
Demographic data were collected using electronic medical record reviews, including age, gender, height, weight, and body mass index. Overall, 101 patients were ultimately enrolled in the present study.
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