The rats were distributed into eleven batches, with a total of six rats in each batch. Rotenone (2 mg/kg) was suspended in sunflower oil and administered subcutaneously to treatment groups. The control group received a mixture of sunflower oil and normal saline. In 0.5% CMC, L-dopa (100 mg/kg) and lodosyn (carbidopa) (25 mg/kg) were utilized as conventional treatment medicines. SLM (High Dose), SLMME (5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg), and SLMMME (5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg) were administered for 35 days to rats through the intranasal route. Assessment of behavioral alterations was performed prior to starting dosing and at intervals of one week up to the 35th day. Animals were sacrificed after treatment and behavioral analysis, and the midbrain was extracted for future study. The detailed protocol is shown in Table 2.
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