Snow was molten at 4°C, filtered through a 0.2 μm polycarbonate filter (47 mm, Isopore) and then stored frozen at −20°C until DNA extraction, performed with the DNeasy Power Water extraction kit (QIAGEN) following the protocol provided with the kit.
From the filters DNA was also extracted using a DNeasy Power Water extraction kit (QIAGEN) using an adapted protocol described in Dommergue et al. (2019) (link) to remove DNA from quartz. Amplification, library prep (MiSeq Illumina sequencing, 2 × 250 bp, Nextera XT Library Preparation Kit) and sequencing was carried out at the Environmental Microbial Genomics group at the Laboratoire Ampère (ECL Lyon, University of Lyon, France). Community diversity was targeted: the V3-V4 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA SSU gene was amplified using 341F/785R primers (S-D-Bact-0341-b-S-17/S-D-Bact-0785-a-A-21, Klindworth et al., 2013 (link)) and the fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions were amplified with primer pair 5.8S_Fung/ITS4 targeting the ITS2 region (Taylor et al., 2016 (link)).
From the filters DNA was also extracted using a DNeasy Power Water extraction kit (QIAGEN) using an adapted protocol described in Dommergue et al. (2019) (link) to remove DNA from quartz. Amplification, library prep (MiSeq Illumina sequencing, 2 × 250 bp, Nextera XT Library Preparation Kit) and sequencing was carried out at the Environmental Microbial Genomics group at the Laboratoire Ampère (ECL Lyon, University of Lyon, France). Community diversity was targeted: the V3-V4 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA SSU gene was amplified using 341F/785R primers (S-D-Bact-0341-b-S-17/S-D-Bact-0785-a-A-21, Klindworth et al., 2013 (link)) and the fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions were amplified with primer pair 5.8S_Fung/ITS4 targeting the ITS2 region (Taylor et al., 2016 (link)).
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