Propofol and TRPV4 Modulation in Cardioprotection

The propofol we used on isolated mice hearts (10 mg/ml, Fresenius Kabi GmbH, Graz, Austria) was dissolved in an intralipid suspension including soybean oil (10%), egg phosphatide (1.2%), and glycerol (2.25%). An equivalent volume of intralipid (INTRA, 20%, Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) was used as a vehicle control. In cell experiments, we applied pure propofol monomers (TCI Shanghai, Shanghai, China), which were dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). propofol dosage (25, 50, 100 μM ex vivo; 12.5, 25, 50, 100 μM in vitro) was based on the volume previous studies applied (Xia et al., 2006 (link); Sun et al., 2017 (link)). TRPV4 agonists GSK1016790A (20 nM ex vivo and 300 nM in vitro) and 4α-PDD (3 μΜ in vitro) and TRPV4 antagonist HC-067047 (0.1 μM ex vivo and 1 μM in vitro) were all from Sigma Aldrich and were dissolved in DMSO. The percentage of DMSO in the final solution was less than 0.01%.