The spin-trap technique revealed the presence of radical species using a X-band Bruker-EMX spectrometer, equipped with a cylindrical cavity operating at 100 kHz field modulation. Experimental parameters were as follows: microwave frequency 9.86 GHz; microwave power 19.97 mW; modulation amplitude 2 Gauss; conversion time 15.43 ms. Spin-traps, 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO) or 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine (TEMP), each 17 mM, were added (separately in different experiments) to the other reagents at t = 044 (link).
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