The binary vector pSAK277-MdMYB10 (Figure S5) containing the MdMYB10 cDNA driven by the 35S promoter was transferred into Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain GV3101 by the freeze–thaw method. Transgenic Malus domestica‘Royal Gala’ plants were generated by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of leaf pieces, using a method previously reported (Yao et al., 1995 ).