For immunofluorescence Staining, the mainly procedure was described in previously report (Zhang et al., 2022 (link)). Briefly, the treated Hela/DDP and Caski/DDP cells were washed by PBS and fixed by ice chilled methanol. The exosome was labeled by PKH26 (Puzar Dominkus et al., 2018 (link)) using PKH26 Red Fluorescent Cell Linker Kits for General Cell Membrane Labeling (Sigma-Aldrich). DAPI (Sigma-Aldrich) stained cellular nucleus with following the instruction, slides were imaged by confocal laser scanning microscopy (Olympus).
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