Plasmid pET17b-CYVaV, which contains the entire length of WT CYVaV genomic RNA (gRNA) complementary DNA (Accession number JX101610) downstream of a T7 promoter (33 (link)), was used as a template for polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based site-directed mutagenesis. The desired mutations were introduced using custom-designed oligonucleotide primers (Integrated DNA Technologies) using Q5 high-fidelity DNA polymerase (New England Biolabs). The resulting PCR products were subjected to DpnI digestion followed by T4 DNA ligase before transformation into DH5α Escherichia coli cells. The presence of the desired mutations was confirmed through Sanger sequencing (Eurofins Genomics).
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