Astrocytes-enriched cultures were prepared from mice cerebral forebrain as previously reported (22 (link)). Briefly, newborn mice (0–3 days old) were sacrificed by decapitation and the brain was dissected in ice cold PBS inside a laminar flow chamber. Cells were dissociated in 4.5 g/L glucose Dulbecco's Modified Eagles Medium (DMEM) (Gibco), supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) (Gibco) and 1% antibiotic/antimycotic, and cultured in poly-D-lysine hydrobromide (10 μg/mL, Sigma). Cultures were maintained at 37°C in a humidified atmosphere (5% CO2) for 21 days and medium was replaced every 3–4 days. At 14 days in vitro, cultures were supplemented with IL-17 (10 ng/ml; Ebioscience). At the end of the culture, supernatants were collected for ELISA assays.