Fungal-Mediated Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles

Silver nitrate (AgNO₃), fungal culture medium, and enzyme activity assay kits (colorimetric; catalase [CAT], and glutathione peroxidase [GPx] were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA), while lactate dehydrogenase [LDH]) from Abcam (Cambridge, UK). PiBind resin was purchased from Expedeon (San Diego, CA, USA); TRIzol reagent was obtained from Life Technologies (Carlsbad, CA, USA); Maxima SYBR Green/Fluorescein qPCR Master Mix and the QuantiTects Reverse Transcription Kit was obtained from Qiagen (Germantown, MD, USA); and TriFast was purchased from Peqlab VWR (Radnor, PA, USA). The silver nanoparticles were previously synthesized by our team using Desertifilum sp. IPPAS B-1220 (D-SNPs) and Nostoc sp. Bahar_M (N-SNPs); their physicochemical properties were analyzed by ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectrophotometry, X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and scanning (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The D-SNP and N-SNP particle size ranged from 4.5 to 26 nm and 8.5 to 26.4 nm, respectively, with an average diameter of 14.7 ± 1.1 nm and 14.9 ± 0.5 nm, respectively [33 (link),34 (link)].