The DLR assays were performed as described previously (38 (link), 40 (link)–42 (link), 53 (link)). In short, HEK293T cells were plated on 24 well dish (Corning) at a density of 1 × 105 cells per well-overnight before transfection. Cells were then co-transfected with 100 ng of the indicated expression plasmid, 100 ng of IFN-β or NF-κB promoter reporter and 10 ng of pRL-TK (internal control) to normalize transfection efficiency. Twenty-four hours post-transfection, the luciferase activity was detected with a luciferase assay kit (Promega).
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