Western blot was conducted as described previously.19 (link) Briefly, cells were lysed and quantified using Bicinchoninic Acid Protein Assay Kit (Beyotime Biotechnology, Shanghai, P.R. China). Protein lysates (15 µg) were separated by 10% SDS-PAGE and transferred to Millipore PVDF membranes. Blots were blocked with 5% non-fat dry milk in Tris-buffered saline buffer for 2 hours at room temperature and then incubated with diluted antibodies overnight at 4°C, followed by incubation with horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibody (Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA) for 1 hour at room temperature. The blotting signal was visualized using an enhanced chemiluminescence detection reagent (Abcam). β-Actin served as a loading control.