The antler-shaped fruiting bodies of Ganoderma lucidum (purchased from Tianmei Farm, Pingtung, Taiwan), fruit of Ziziphus jujuba Mill. (purchased from Bohai Jujube Garden, Miaoli, Taiwan), fruit of Dimocarpus longan (purchased from Dongshan District Farmers Association, Tainan, Taiwan), and seed of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. (purchased from Jin Baoan Pharmacy, Miaoli, Taiwan) were obtained following United States Pharmacopeia and Taiwan Herbal Pharmacopeia standard. Also, molecular authentication based on the Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences for raw materials were conducted. The names of botanical materials in Bugu-M can be found on https://www.theplantlist.org and https://www.mycobank.org. The Bugu-M extract evaluated in this study was prepared according to the process in US20210290710A1 [42 ]. The weight ratio of Ganoderma lucidum, Ziziphus jujuba Mill., Dimocarpus longan and Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. was 3:1:1:1. First, the respective material was extracted with water under reflux for 2 h to afford respective extract. Next, the extracts were mixed and freeze-dried to obtain Bugu-M. Then, Bugu-M was stored at –20°C for in vitro and in vivo experiments.