HEK293T cells were transfected with an IFN-β luciferase reporter, pRL-CMV (10 ng; Promega) Renilla luciferase control reporter, pcDNA 3.1 and indicated vectors and 24 h later dual luciferase assays (DLAs) were performed as per published protocols60 (link),61 (link). For CpG response assays, TLR9-HEK239s (Invivogen) were transfected using lipofectamine with indicated vectors, IFNβ-luciferase and renilla reporters before being stimulated after 24 h with 5 µg/ml CpG (ODN 2006, InvivoGen). The Burkitt’s lymphoma cell line Ramos was nucleofected with the IFN-β luciferase reporter and pRL-CMV using the NEON transfection system (ThermoFisher Scientific) according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
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