Visualizing Viral Infection in PANC-1 Cells

PANC-1 cells were seeded in a 6-well plate at 6 × 10^{^5} cells per well. Following overnight attachment, the cells were infected with CVB3, LACV, and SINV at an MOI of 1 or left uninfected for 72 h. Pictures of the cells were taken with a Levenhuk M500 Base camera with LevenhukLite software (Version ×64). Persistently infected PANC-1 cells were plated at the same density, and photos were taken as previously described. For immunofluorescence images, PANC-1 cells were seeded to coverslips and fixed 24 h later. Fixed cells were then stained for nuclei (DAPI) and dsRNA (J2, Invitrogen) as previously described (32 (link)). They were imaged on Zeiss Axio Observer 7 with Lumencor Spectra X LED light system and a Hamamatsu Flash 4 camera using Zen Blue software with a 40× objective.