ChIP assays were performed as described previously 48 (link). Briefly, mouse tissues were minced and incubated with 1% formaldehyde for 15 min and quenched with 0.150 M glycine for 10 min. Samples were washed sequentially with cold PBS, and resuspended in cell lysis buffer (50 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.0), 140 mM NaCl, 1 mM EDTA, 10% Glycerol, 0.5% NP-40, and 0.25% Triton X-100), and then homogenized. The chromatin was sheared in nuclear lysis buffer (10 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.0, 1 mM EDTA, 0.5 mM EGTA, and 0.2% SDS) to an average size of 200–500 bp by sonication, and then diluted 3-fold in ChIP dilution buffer (0.01% SDS, 1.1% Triton X-100, 1.2 mM EDTA, 16.7 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.1, and 167 mM NaCl), and was subjected to immunoprecipitation by magnetic protein G beads (Invitrogen) conjugated with AR (ab74272, abcam) or β-catenin antibody (610154, BD Biosciences). Cross-links were reversed and chromatin DNA fragments were analyzed by real-time qPCR with specific primers (Supplemental Table 9).