The IES-R18 is a self-report measure of current subjective distress in response to a specific traumatic event. It comprises three subscales representative of the major symptom clusters of post-traumatic stress: intrusion, avoidance, and hyper-arousal.
The English version of the IES-R was translated independently into Italian by a bilingual Italian English teacher. The two translations were then compared, and no differences were found between them. The first final version was given to several bilingual individuals who also completed the English version and provided feedback on differences found in certain items between the English version and the translated version. Based on their comments, a final translation was created. This version was back translated into English by two bilingual psychologists with doctoral degrees who were familiar with psychology. After comparing the back translation with the original inventory, we made several minor revisions. The back-translation procedures were similar to those used in previous studies.31 ,32 (link)
The English version of the IES-R was translated independently into Italian by a bilingual Italian English teacher. The two translations were then compared, and no differences were found between them. The first final version was given to several bilingual individuals who also completed the English version and provided feedback on differences found in certain items between the English version and the translated version. Based on their comments, a final translation was created. This version was back translated into English by two bilingual psychologists with doctoral degrees who were familiar with psychology. After comparing the back translation with the original inventory, we made several minor revisions. The back-translation procedures were similar to those used in previous studies.31 ,32 (link)
