Immunoblotting was performed as described 30 (link). Cells were lysed using cell extraction buffer (Invitrogen, FNN0011) containing protease inhibitor cocktail (Sigma Aldrich, P8340). Total protein was quantified using an EZQ Protein Quantification assay (Invitrogen, R33200). 30 μg of protein were resuspended in 2X reducing sample buffer (Invitrogen, LC2676), electrophoresed on 10-20% tris-glycine gels (Invitrogen), transferred using a semi-dry transfer system (Bio-Rad) to polyvinylidene difluoride membranes (PVDF) (Millipore), and probed with Ms-pAb-anti-CDH19 (Abnova, H00028513-B01P) at 1:250, identified at ∼114k kDa. Rb-pAb-anti-β-actin (Abcam, ab8227) at 1:2000 was used as loading control. Immunocomplexes were detected using luminescence Supersignal West Pico Substrate (Thermo Scientific) per manufacturer instructions.