Metabolic profiling of the polar phase was done as described (45 (link)) with minor modifications as described below. Briefly, analysis was performed using the Acquity I Class UPLC System combined with a mass spectrometer (Thermo Exactive Plus Orbitrap), which was operated in a negative ionization mode. The LC separation was done using the SeQuant Zic-pHilic (150 mm × 2.1 mm) with the SeQuant guard column (20 mm × 2.1 mm; Merck). There were two mobile phases performed: mobile phase A with acetonitrile and mobile phase B with 20 mmol/L ammonium carbonate plus 0.1% ammonia hydroxide in water. The flow rate was kept at 200 μL/minute and gradient as follows: 0 to 2 minutes 75% of B, 17 minutes 12.5% of B, 17.1 minutes 25% of B, 19 minutes 25% of B, 19.1 minutes 75% of B, and 19 minutes 75% of B.