Western Blot Analysis of Inflammasome Proteins

To detect activated inflammasome proteins, INS-1 cells were stimulated with 1 µL LPS/200 μM PA–BSA for 4 h [24 (link),59 (link)]. Total protein extraction was performed using ice-cold NP-40 (1.0% NP-40, 150 mM NaCl, 50 mM Tris-Cl, pH 8.0) lysis buffer containing a protease inhibitor cocktail (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). A Western blot analysis was performed as previously described [58 (link)] with the following antibodies: MAPK8IP1 (anti-rabbit; 1:1000, #Ab24449, Abcam, Cambridge, UK), NLRP3 (anti-rabbit; 1:1000, #A12694, Abclonal, Woburn, MA, USA), CASPASE-1 (anti-rabbit; 1:1000, #A0964, Abclonal, Woburn, MA, USA), IL-1β (anti-rabbit; 1:1000, #A162888, Abclonal, USA), GSDMD (anti-rabbit; 1:1000, #A10164, Abclonal, USA), JNK (anti-rabbit; 1:1000, #A48567, Abclonal, USA), pJNK (anti-rabbit; 1:1000, #AP0631, Abclonal, USA), β-actin (anti-mouse, 1:1000, #A5441, Sigma-Aldrich, Darmstadt, Germany), and secondary anti-mouse (#7076S) or anti-rabbit (#7074S, from Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA). Chemiluminescence was detected using the Clarity ECL substrate kit (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA). β-actin was used as an endogenous control.