BALF samples were treated with equal volumes of Sputolysin® (Calbiochem, Darmstadt, Germany) and processed as described previously [16 (link),26 (link)]. Each BALF sample was analysed blinded to patient data for the presence of 12 principal bile acids compared to purified reference standards. Cholic acid (CA), chenodeoxyCholic acid (CDCA), deoxyCholic acid (DCA), lithoCholic acid (LCA), ursodeoxyCholic acid (UDCA), glycodeoxyCholic acid (GDCA), taurochenodeoxyCholic acid, (TCDCA), taurodeoxyCholic acid (TDCA), tauroCholic acid (TCA), glycoCholic acid (GCA), taurolithoCholic acid (TLCA) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Buchs, Switzerland) and tauroursodeoxyCholic acid (TUDCA) was purchased from Calbiochem. All chemicals used were HPLC grade.
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