Glucose and insulin tolerance tests were performed by blood sampling after an intraperitoneal injection of glucose (1 mg/g; Sigma-Aldrich, UK) or human recombinant insulin (0.75 unit/kg: Actrapid; Novo Nordisk, Bagsvaerd, Denmark), as previously described (5 (link), 6 (link), 30 (link), 32 (link), 33 (link)). Glucose concentrations were determined in whole blood using a portable meter (Roche Diagnostics, Burgess Hill, UK). Plasma insulin concentrations were determined by enzyme-linked immunoassay (Ultrasensitive mouse ELISA; CrystalChem, Downers Grove, IL). Triglycerides and total cholesterol were quantified as described previously (8 (link)). Liver function was assessed by measuring blood serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) (74707, 74032, Advia Chemistry, Siemens).
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