All blood samples were drawn after a 12-hour fast. Serum oxLDL was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (Mercodia, Uppsala, Sweden). The intra and inter-assay variability were 6.3% and 4.7%, respectively. Soluble CD163 (Trillium Diagnostics, intra-assay variability 3–6% and inter-assay variability 5–8%)) and soluble CD14 (R&D Systems, intra-assay variability 4.8–6.4% and inter-assay variability 4.8–7.4%) were measured by ELISA. Direct LDL, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides, glucose, hemoglobin A1c, and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) were measured as previously described [19 (link)].