Male C57BL/6 mice (8 weeks old, 20–22 g body weight) were purchased from SPF Biotechnology. Bilateral IRI (BiIRI) was established by clamping the renal pedicle for 30 minutes, during which time the body temperature was strictly maintained at 37°C by a sensitive rectal probe (Harvard Apparatus), as previously described (60 (link), 61 (link)). To block the secretion of EV, we administered 2.5 mg/kg GW4869 by i.p. injection 1 hour before IRI operation.
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