To quantify the nicotine deposited in the ALI exposure systems, exposures were repeated as described in the previous protocol sections using isopropyl alcohol (IPA; Fisher Scientific, Fair Lawn, NJ, USA) in place of the biological samples. Ten mL of IPA were added to each exposure well in both the cloud chamber and Cultex® system. After the exposures, the IPA was collected and shipped overnight on ice to Portland State University where it was analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Chemical analysis was performed with an Agilent 5975 GC/MS system (Agilent, Santa Clara, CA, USA) using an internal standard-based calibration procedure and method previously described [25 (link), 50 (link)].