Cells were nonenzymatically isolated from 3D-culture (50,000 cells/well; 500 μL Cultrex/well in 12-well plate) using the Cultrex 3D-Culture Cell Harvesting Kit (Trevigen), and total RNA was extracted using the RNeasy Mini Kit (QIAGEN) according to the manufacturer’s protocol. One μg of total RNA was subsequently reverse-transcribed using the iScript cDNA Synthesis Kit (Bio-Rad) and subjected to quantitative real-time PCR using 1× iQ SYBR Green Supermix (Bio-Rad), as previously described (118 (link)) and using the primers listed in table S2. Changes in gene expression were determined using the ΔΔCt method.