Nanoliposome Characterization and Morphology

During aa optimization procedures, nanoliposome characterization has been performed by evaluating size, homogeneity, and possible aggregation state, with the aid of dynamic and electrophoretic light scattering (DLS and ELS, Zetasizer Nanoseries ZS90) by Malvern Instruments (Worcestershire, UK), by using a scattering angle of 90 °C at 25 °C [23 (link)]. Autocorrelation functions were analyzed by the cumulant method in order to obtain the average hydrodynamic diameter (AHD, nm), the size distribution expressed as PdI (polydispersity index, dimensionless measurement) and ζ-potential (mV), using the software provided by Malvern. Scattering measurements, in triplicate, were performed on samples, diluted 50/100-fold in ultrapure water. Nanoliposome morphology was investigated for vesicle dispersion, dimension, and deformability by TEM (CM12 TEM, Philips, The Netherlands) equipped with an Olympus Megaview G2 camera, applying an 80 kV accelerating voltage. For this purpose, a drop of the diluted sample, released on a carbon film copper grid, was dried by desiccation, counterstained with 1% (w/v) of phosphotungstic acid solution and examined at different magnifications [24 (link)].

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Vanti G., Coronnello M., Bani D., Mannini A., Bergonzi M.C, & Bilia A.R. (2021). Co-Delivery of Berberine Chloride and Tariquidar in Nanoliposomes Enhanced Intracellular Berberine Chloride in a Doxorubicin-Resistant K562 Cell Line Due to P-gp Overexpression. Pharmaceutics, 13(3), 306.

Publication 2021

Zetasizer Nanoseries ZS90 CM12 TEM Megaview G2

Carbon Copper Desiccation Electrophoretic Hydrodynamic Light Phosphotungstic acid

Corresponding Organization : University of Florence

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Variable analysis

independent variables

Optimization procedures

dependent variables

Size of nanoliposomes
Homogeneity of nanoliposomes
Aggregation state of nanoliposomes
Average hydrodynamic diameter (AHD) of nanoliposomes
Polydispersity index (PdI) of nanoliposomes
Zeta-potential (ζ-potential) of nanoliposomes
Morphology of nanoliposomes (vesicle dispersion, dimension, and deformability)

control variables

Scattering angle (90°C)
Temperature (25°C)
Dilution of samples (50/100-fold in ultrapure water)
Accelerating voltage of TEM (80 kV)
Staining of samples (1% (w/v) phosphotungstic acid solution)

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