BMSCs were isolated as previously described (Li et al., 2015 (link); Yu et al., 2018 (link)). The isolated BMSCs were cultured with α-MEM supplemented with 15% FBS, 100 U/mL penicillin and 100 µg/mL streptomycin in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2 at 37 °C to reach 80% confluence. Then the first-passage BMSCs were harvested and seeded in culture dishes for enrichment of cell populations. When the second-passage reach confluence after 1–2 week, they were subcultured. Only third-passage BMSCs were applied to perform further study unless specified otherwise.
The senescent BMSCs were stained by a senescence β-galactosidase staining Kit (Solarbio Science & Technology) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Briefly, after washing with PBS, the cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde for 15 min at room temperature. Then the cells were stained with working solution overnight at 37 °C. Five different fields were randomly selected under a microscope to count the SA-βGal-positive (blue cells) and the percentage of SA-βGal-positive were calculated.
The senescent BMSCs were stained by a senescence β-galactosidase staining Kit (Solarbio Science & Technology) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Briefly, after washing with PBS, the cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde for 15 min at room temperature. Then the cells were stained with working solution overnight at 37 °C. Five different fields were randomly selected under a microscope to count the SA-βGal-positive (blue cells) and the percentage of SA-βGal-positive were calculated.
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