In experiment 1, triple label immunocytochemistry (ICC) was used to detect VIP, PER1, and c-FOS proteins in the SCN core. In experiment 2, double label immunocytochemistry (ICC) was used to detect VIP and PER1 protein in the core and triple label to detect PER1, c-FOS, and AVP associated neurophysin (AVP-NP) in the shell, the sub-PVN, and the PVN. Primary antibodies included: anti-VIP made in guinea pig (1:5000; Peninsula Labs, San Carlos, CA, T-5030); anti-PER1 made in rabbit (R43, 1:5000; a generous gift of David R. Weaver; LeSauter et al., 2012 (link)); anti-c-FOS made in goat (1:1000; Santa Cruz Biotech, Dallas, TX, sc-52-G); monoclonal anti-AVP associated neurophysin P45 made in mouse (1:50; ATC CRL 1798, kindly provided by Harold Gainer). Secondary antibodies, obtained from Jackson Immuno Research, West Grove, PA, were Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated AffiniPure Donkey anti Guinea Pig (DAGP; 1:300); Cy3 Donkey anti-Rabbit (DAR; 1:500); Alexa Fluor 488 Donkey anti-Goat (DAG; 1:300); and Cy5 Donkey anti-mouse (DAM; 1:300). Alexa Fluor 633 Donkey anti-Goat (DAG; 1:300) was obtained from Invitrogen.