A convenience sample of 20 LBP subjects (mean ±SD age = 28.83 ±11.13 years, height = 166.83
±12.50 cm, weight = 61.17 ±9.60 kg, duration = 13.65 ±10.24 months) volunteered for this
study at a local orthopedic clinic. Subjects had pain scores ranging from 5 –7 on a visual
analogue scale, and scores of 40–60% on the Korean version of the Oswestry disability index.
LBP was defined as current symptoms of pain and/or numbness between the twelfth rib and
buttocks with or without symptoms in one or both legs that limited function9 (link)). Participants were excluded if they had
received lumbar surgery were unable to lie prone or supine for a minimum of 20 minutes or
presented with potentially serious conditions such as cauda equina syndrome, major or
rapidly progressing neurologic deficit, fracture, cancer, infection, or systemic
diseases.
This study used ADIM to draw in and hold the lower abdomen at maximum expiration in a
supine position. Verbal instructions for the ADIM were “Draw your belly inward and upward
while breathing normally, then hold the contraction for 10 seconds.” ADIM was performed 3
times, with 10 second rest periods10 ).
Before progressing to the main experiment, the subjects were educated in the method of ADIM
and practiced 3 sets to decrease errors arising from incorrect performance.
Rest and ADIM thicknesses of the TrA, IO and EO were obtained using a LOGIQ P5(GE
Healthcare, USA) with a 7.5-MHz linear probe. Conductive gel was placed between the
transducer and subjects skin. The measurements were taken as described by Richardson et al.
with the subjects in the supine hook lying position with the transducer placed just superior
to the iliac crest along the axillary line11 ). The transducer head location was marked on the right-hand side of
each subject midway between the lowest rib and the apex of the ilium. This has been shown to
be the thickest point of the Tra, and demonstrates the clearest simultaneous images of Tra,
IO and EO12 ). The thickness of each of the
3 muscles (TrA, IO, and EO muscles) was measured at the center line of the image.
The average of the 3 trials was used in the analysis. In processing data, the version 12.0
program was used. In order to assess the intra-examiner and inter-examiner of the ultrasound
imaging intra class coefficients (ICC) were computed.
±12.50 cm, weight = 61.17 ±9.60 kg, duration = 13.65 ±10.24 months) volunteered for this
study at a local orthopedic clinic. Subjects had pain scores ranging from 5 –7 on a visual
analogue scale, and scores of 40–60% on the Korean version of the Oswestry disability index.
LBP was defined as current symptoms of pain and/or numbness between the twelfth rib and
buttocks with or without symptoms in one or both legs that limited function9 (link)). Participants were excluded if they had
received lumbar surgery were unable to lie prone or supine for a minimum of 20 minutes or
presented with potentially serious conditions such as cauda equina syndrome, major or
rapidly progressing neurologic deficit, fracture, cancer, infection, or systemic
diseases.
This study used ADIM to draw in and hold the lower abdomen at maximum expiration in a
supine position. Verbal instructions for the ADIM were “Draw your belly inward and upward
while breathing normally, then hold the contraction for 10 seconds.” ADIM was performed 3
times, with 10 second rest periods10 ).
Before progressing to the main experiment, the subjects were educated in the method of ADIM
and practiced 3 sets to decrease errors arising from incorrect performance.
Rest and ADIM thicknesses of the TrA, IO and EO were obtained using a LOGIQ P5(GE
Healthcare, USA) with a 7.5-MHz linear probe. Conductive gel was placed between the
transducer and subjects skin. The measurements were taken as described by Richardson et al.
with the subjects in the supine hook lying position with the transducer placed just superior
to the iliac crest along the axillary line11 ). The transducer head location was marked on the right-hand side of
each subject midway between the lowest rib and the apex of the ilium. This has been shown to
be the thickest point of the Tra, and demonstrates the clearest simultaneous images of Tra,
IO and EO12 ). The thickness of each of the
3 muscles (TrA, IO, and EO muscles) was measured at the center line of the image.
The average of the 3 trials was used in the analysis. In processing data, the version 12.0
program was used. In order to assess the intra-examiner and inter-examiner of the ultrasound
imaging intra class coefficients (ICC) were computed.
