Participants were stratified by occupational role (supervisor, non‐supervisor) reported while on site at the WTC. Duration on site has been identified as a primary risk factor for CI in this cohort and was included here as ≥15 weeks (the top quintile of exposure durations). Exposure to the dust cloud on the morning of 9/11 has been identified as the most intense and caustic period of particle and gas exposure and has been implicated in the severity of long‐term health outcomes among WTC‐affected populations so we included dust cloud exposure.44, 45Probable PTSD was assessed using the 17‐item PTSD Checklist (PCL‐C) for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition.46 The index was created by summing symptoms (Cronbach's α = 0.95), and a cutoff of PCL ≥44 was used to determine WTC‐related probable PTSD (hereafter, PTSD).