Western Blot Analysis of Protein Samples

Cells were lysed in RIPA buffer with Halt protease inhibitor (Thermo Fisher Scientific, 78429). Proteins that were separated by SDS–PAGE using acrylamide gels (BioRad gel system) were transferred onto nitrocellulose membranes (LI-COR, 926-31092). The membranes were blocked in 5% skimmed milk (Sigma-Aldrich) in PBS-T (0.1% Tween-20 in PBS) and incubated with the primary antibody of interest (Supplementary Table 2). As secondary antibodies, either IRDye 800CW goat anti-rabbit IgG (925-32211, LI-COR Bioscience, 1:15,000) or IRDye 800CW goat anti-mouse IgG (925-32210, LI-COR Bioscience, 1:15,000) was used. Proteins were imaged using Image Studio Lite (Odyssey CLx imager, Li-COR Biosciences). Immunoblotting source data are provided in Supplementary Fig. 4.