LNCaP, LNCaP-LN3, C4, C4–2, C4–2B, PC-3M, PC-3M-LN4, PC-3M-Pro4, and MDA-MB453 cells were grown as previously described [30 (link), 67 (link)]. The HEK293T, PC3, and C4–2 cells were cultured in DMEM supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum, 1% penicillin, and 1% streptomycin. The DNA methylase inhibitor 5-Aza-dC (10 μM) (#A3656, Sigma), the 26S proteasome inhibitors MG132 (20 μM) (#S2619, Selleckchem), or N-acetyl-L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-nor leucinal (LLNL) (25 μM) (#A6185, Sigma), Doxorubicin (Sigma), Talazoparib (SeleckChem), NU7026 (Sigma) were used as described in the text. TGF-β receptor type I (TGF-βRI) kinase inhibitors LY2157299 and LY363947 were bought from Selleckchem.
The expression vectors encoding DACH1 [69 (link)], Ku70 (RFP-Ku70) and Ku80 (RFP-Ku80) [70 (link)], shDACH1[71 (link)] were previously described. The EGFP-DACH1 expression plasmid was made by inserting the human DACH1 cDNA into the HindIII and BamHI sites of the pEGFP-C1 vector.
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