The DNA modifications introduced by DMS, KMnO4, or P1 nuclease (Sigma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany) were monitored by PE analysis. The reaction conditions, mixture separation, and product visualization were described previously [42 (link)]. The gels were scanned using a Typhoon FLA 9500 (GE Healthcare, Chicago, IL, USA) and analyzed using ImageQuant (GE Healthcare, Chicago, IL, USA) and imagej (imagej.nih.gov/ij/">https://imagej.nih.gov/ij/ accessed on 13 June 2021).
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