Goose Embryonic Hepatocyte Stress Response

After the fertilized goose eggs were incubated for 23 days, the embryos were sacrificed for liver tissue collection. According to the protocol described previously [45 (link)], primary hepatocytes were prepared and plated at a density of 5 × 10⁶ cells per well. The cells were incubated overnight in a complete culture medium containing high-glucose DMEM culture medium (Gibco, New York, NY, USA), 10% fetal bovine serum (Gibco, New York, NY, USA), 1% penicillin–streptomycin (Solarbio, Beijing, China) and 0.1% EGF (Solarbio, Beijing, China). For glucose treatment, the cells in complete culture medium were treated with 0 mmol/L (the control group), 50 mmol/L and 100 mmol/L glucose, respectively. For oleate treatment, the cells in complete culture medium were treated with 0 mmol/L (the control group), 0.125 mmol/L and 0.25 mmol/L sodium oleate, respectively. For thyroxine treatment, the cells in complete culture medium were treated with 0 µmol/L (the control group), 0.1 µmol/L and 0.3 µmol/L sodium thyroxine, respectively. After 14 h of treatment, the cells were collected for later analysis.