Dopamine microsensors for chronic implantation consisted of carbon-fiber microelectrodes insulated in a fused-silica capillary20 (link),21 (link). A single carbon fiber (34–700, Goodfellow Corporation, PA) was inserted into a 10–15 mm length of fused silica (Polymicro Technologies, AZ) while submerged in 2-propanol. One end of the microsensor was then sealed with Devcon two-component epoxy (IWT Performance Polymers, FL) and allowed to dry, leaving a length of carbon fiber protruding. A silver connector (Newark, IL) was secured in contact with the carbon fiber on the other end of the silica with silver epoxy (8331; MG Chemicals, BC, Canada), allowed to cure overnight, then insulated with a layer of two component epoxy. After an additional twelve hours of drying, the fabrication of the chronic microsensor was finalized by trimming the exposed carbon fiber to the desired length of the sensor (150–200 µm).