For all 12 models, we selected and extracted the meshes of each vertebra from T2 to the sacrum. The total stress of the vertebral mesh was added and equalized according to the volume of each vertebra. We collected data on stress from the screws at each vertebra. The rod was extracted separately, and the von Mises stress was evaluated. We analyzed the von Mises stress on each vertebra and implant, focusing on the differences in spinal balance, fusion length, and implants in UIV. Previous studies have validated the use of FEM analysis for examining von Mises stress in the lumbar vertebrae [6 (link)–8 (link)].
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