NCM460-NTR1 cells were generated from human colonic epithelial NCM460 cells (INCELL, San Antonio, TX, USA) transduced with lentivirus particles as previously described 10 (link) and maintained in M3:D culture media (INCELL) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS, Life Technologies, Grand Island, NY, USA). Human embryonic kidney fibroblasts, HEK293, and colonic cancer HCT-116 cells were maintained in Eagle’s Minimum Essential Medium (MEM, Life Technologies) and McCoy5a (ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA) respectively and supplemented with 10% FBS. Lipofectamine 2000, lipofectamine RNAimax and OptiMEM were from Life Technologies. Neurotensin was from Bachem Americas (Torrance, CA, USA). TNBS and SR48962 were from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) and DSS was from MP Biomedicals (Santa Ana, CA, USA). Goat anti-AFTPH (sc-167055), mouse anti-villin and rabbit anti-β tubulin were from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA).