Apoptosis was assayed by Muse® Annexin V & Dead Cell Assay (MCH100105, Merck Millipore, Darmstadt, Germany). The apoptosis detections of blood smears were achieved by Apoptag Plus Fluorscein in situ Apoptosis Detection Kit (S7111, Millipore, Temecula, USA) according to the instruction. Rapamysin (RAPA) and 3-MA purchased from SelleckChem (San Diego, CA) were utilized to enhance or recede autophagy level according to the previous papers39 (link)66 (link).
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