MitoSOX (Molecular Probes, M36008), MitoTracker Red CMXRos (Cell Signaling Technology, 9082), LysoTracker Red (Invitrogen, L7526), TMRM (Biotium, 70,017) and Hoechst 33,342 (Sigma, B2261) staining were described previously [30 (link),31 (link),59 ,62–64 (link)]. Insulin- (Sigma, I0516) stimulated glucose uptake assay was measured as previously described using the fluorescent D-glucose analog 2NBDG (Invitrogen, N13195) [29 (link)]. Microscopy was performed on an Olympus IX70 inverted microscope (Toronto, ON, Canada) with QImaging Retiga SRV Fast 1394 camera (Surrey, BC, Canada) using NIS Elements AR 3.0 software (Nikon Instruments Inc., Melville, NY, USA), or a Zeiss Axiovert 200 inverted microscope fitted with a Calibri 7 LED Light Source and Axiocam 702 mono camera (Pleasanton, USA) [30 (link),59 ]. Quantification, scale bars, background subtract, and processing were done on Fiji (ImageJ) and Zen 2.3 Pro software.