B16F10 murine melanoma cells were routinely maintained in Dulbecco's.
Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) with 1.5 g/L sodium bicarbonate, 25 mM glucose, and 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), as previously described 14 . EPA, SB203580, SP600125, 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), and Lucifer yellow were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA). The working concentrations of the inhibitors were as follows: 25 μM SB203580 (Sigma-Aldrich), or 10 μM SP600125 (Sigma-Aldrich) 3 (link). Cells were pretreated with various inhibitors for 1 h, then EPA (100 μM) was added to cells for 24 h. Male C57BL/6 mice aged 6-8 weeks were purchased from the National Laboratory Animal Center of Taiwan. Adulthood is biologically defined as the age at which human or other organisms reach sexual maturity. Mice come of mating age sometime between 6-8 weeks of age. Adult mice 6-20 weeks old are the best to carryout studies 15 (link), 16 (link). The animals were maintained in specific pathogen-free animal care facility under isothermal conditions with regular photoperiods. The experimental protocol adhered to the rules of the Animal Protection Act of Taiwan and was approved by the Laboratory Animal Care and Use Committee of the National Sun Yat-sen University (the permit number: 10714).